About 35 years later than in the other less developed countries, high mortality and fertility levels have started to decline in the 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The late completion of the demographic transition in the region, its slow pace, and its population growth rates over 2.5% per year for more than 50 years, render the SSA demographic trajectories very different from the transitions experienced elsewhere in the world.
With the onset of the fertility decline and better economic performance in SSA between 2000 and 2014, most SSA countries thought that they would be able to capture a first demographic dividend and become emerging economies - a process that many East and Southeast Asian countries achieved between 1970 and 2000. However, available data indicates that since the 1960s the rapid population growth in SSA has had negative effects on the growth of its GDP per capita. Moreover, so far there are only fourteen SSA countries, representing 20% of the SSA population, that meet the initial conditions needed to benefit from a first demographic dividend. This volume analyzes the challenges that the SSA countries will need to address in order to replicate the East and Southeast Asian economic miracle. The majority of the SSA countries are at a critical stage in their development. Indeed, the next decades will determine whether or not the SSA countries will be able to accelerate their demographic transition, capture a first demographic dividend, and become emerging economies.
Ce livre questionne différentes visions de l'intégration européenne, particulièrement fondamentales face à l'instabilité internationale et à l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie.
This book is putting a question mark on the evolutionary visions of the European integration, within the current world, while focusing on obstacles, shortcomings and challenges. The international instability and notably the Ukrainian invasion by Russia addresses fundamental questioning regarding the consolidation of the EU itself.
The book is divided in four parts: the socio- economic model, the historical roots of national diversities (regarding memories, perceptions of threats), and the institutional remedies; the risks of isolation of Europe within an increasingly non-European world and the material transformation of the EU from a civilian (trade, market, knowledge) to a civilian and military power, fit to cope with the unpredictable world of the 21st century.
